In the east the expansion of Persia's Achaemenid Empire led to confrontations with the Greek cities of Asia Minor. With the support of Athens and Eretria these cities rebelled against the Persian king Darius I in 499 BC, and the rebellions were not finally suppressed until 493 BC. Darius then demanded the submission of all the mainland Greek cities, but Athens and Sparta refused. In 492 BC Darius sent out a punitive mission, which backfire...

The wars that began in 1991, when Yugoslavia broke up and five new sovereign states emerged, were Europe’s most violent conflicts since 1945. In 2006, although foreign intervention and mediation had stopped the fighting, the presence of international peacekeeping forces was still found necessary to prevent further large-scale bloodshed.After the 1939–45 war, in which Yugoslavia and Albania came under German and Italian control, communists...

When the Byzantine warrior emperor Basil II died in 1025 he left an empire that had doubled in size during his reign and presented a serious Challenger to its Muslim neighbours. Unfortunately for the Byzantines, subsequent emperors could not maintain the impetus achieved under Basil. They became embroiled in the ecclesiastical politics that provoked the "Great Schism" of 1054 - a theological split between the Orthodox and Western churches...

The origins of the Greek civilization remain intractably obscure, but it is certain that the 5th millennium witnessed a startling expansion of trade and cultural interchanges.The origin of the Greeks is a still much-debated subject. Greek is part of the Indo-European language group, and earlier scholars associated it with a branch of the "Aryan" people, emerging from somewhere in central Asia. Waves of these settlers who spoke different...

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Expansion of the carolingian empire Treaty of Verdun - The Breakdown of the Carolingian Empire Fuente: Wiki, Historia 16 J...